Virchow's Triad components?

• A. Hypercoagulable state, stasis of flow, vessel wall injury
• B. Endothelial growth, vascular spasm, platelet adhesion
• C. Hypotension, tachycardia, leukocytosis
• D. Anemia, hypoxia, dehydration

Answer: (B)

The idea being tested is what factors together promote thrombosis according to Virchow's triad: a hypercoagulable state, stasis or abnormal blood flow, and injury to the endothelium. A hypercoagulable state means the blood is more prone to clotting due to inherited or acquired conditions. Stasis reduces the washing away of clotting factors and allows clots to form more easily, especially in veins. Endothelial injury exposes underlying tissue factors and collagen, triggering platelets and the coagulation cascade to form a clot.

The option that lists endothelial growth, vascular spasm, and platelet adhesion doesn’t fit Virchow’s triad. Endothelial growth is about vessel lining expansion, not injury; vascular spasm is a transient constriction response, not one of the triad factors; and while platelet adhesion is a key step in clot formation, the triad focuses on the three broad conditions (hypercoagulability, stasis, endothelial injury) rather than specific hemostatic steps.