What are some examples of focal liver lesions?

• A. Cirrhosis, fatty change, hepatitis
• B. Cavernous Hemangioma, FNH, HCC
• C. Fatty liver, steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis
• D. Portal hypertension, biliary cirrhosis, granulomas

Answer: (B)

Identifying discrete liver nodules that are focal in nature. Cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign liver tumor, presenting as a well-defined vascular lesion. Focal nodular hyperplasia is another benign focal lesion caused by a vascular malformation, often with a central scar on imaging. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary liver cancer that can appear as a focal mass, particularly in livers affected by cirrhosis or hepatitis. Imaging patterns help differentiate these: cavernous hemangioma typically shows peripheral nodular enhancement with gradual centripetal fill-in; FNH often enhances with a central scar that may become more conspicuous on delayed sequences; HCC commonly demonstrates arterial phase hyperenhancement with washout in later phases.

The other options describe diffuse or systemic liver processes—such as widespread fatty change, hepatitis, or cirrhosis—that affect the liver more globally rather than forming discrete nodules.