Which of the following is NOT a component of Virchow's Triad?

• A. Hypercoagulable state
• B. Vessel wall injury
• C. Stasis of flow
• D. Turbulent flow

Answer: (D)

Virchow's Triad describes three broad factors that predispose to thrombosis: a tendency to clot (hypercoagulable state), damage to the vessel endothelium (vessel wall injury), and abnormal blood flow. Abnormal flow is the category that covers two situations: stasis (areas where blood flow is slow or stopped) and turbulence (disturbed, irregular flow).

Turbulent flow is not listed as its own separate component because the triad groups all forms of abnormal flow under one heading. Turbulence can contribute to thrombosis, especially in arteries or areas of vessel narrowing, but it falls under the broader concept of abnormal flow rather than being a distinct component.